PROJECT
TITLE;
Oilseed
and
pulse
crop
evaluation
under
no-till
conditions.
PERSONNEL:
Gregory
D.
Kushnak/
Ron
Thaut/
Pat
Gallagher/
and
Larry
Christiaens/
Western
Triangle
Research
Center/
Conrad/
MT.;
Jerry
Bergman/
EARC/
Sidney;
and
Jim
Sims/
MSU
Plant
&
Soil
Science/
Bozeman.
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES:
Oilseed
and
pulse
crops
in
rotation
can
benefit
grain
production
(soil
amelioration/
pest
cycle
disruption/
etc.)
m
The
production
potential
of
various
oilseed
and
pulse
crops
has
been
determined
for
fallow
systems/
under
average
manage
ment
levels/
in
the
Western
Triangle
area.
This
project
seeks
^
to
determine
production
potential
of
these
crops
under
no-till
conditions/
where
they
will
most
likely
be
grown
in
rotation
with
grain;
and
also
to
test
new
crops
as
they
become
available.
In
1988/
the
oilseed
trial
consisted
of
24
safflower
varieties
and
experimental
lineS/
mostly
from
the
MSU
safflower
breeding
program
at
Sidney;
and
5
varieties
of
Canola;
and
m
one
of
rapeseed.
The
pulse
crop
study
consisted
of
22
types
of
annual
legumes/
most
of
which
have
never
been
tested
in
Montana.
The
primary
objective
was
to
determine
if
they
were
adapted
to
the
dryland
growing
conditions
of
Montana.
Eval-
uation
for
nitrogen-fixation
is
a
secondary
objective/
and
is
in
progress.
I-*
Both
studies
were
no-till
planted
into
standing
barley
stubble
from
the
previous
years
chemical
fallow.
A
hoe-type
(furrow)
planter
was
used.
Planting
depth
was
shallow
inch)
^
for
small
seeded
types/
and
deep
Ih
inch
for
large
seeded
types.
Medium
sized
seed/
including
safflower/
was
placed
1-inch
deep.
Results:
pn
Data
for
the
safflower/
canola/rapeseed
and
legumes
are
presented
in
Tables
1-3/
respectively.
Soil
moisture
was
^
abundant
at
planting
time/
contributing
to
high
yields
in
spite
of
the
below-normal
rainfall
of
1988.
The
no-till
conditions
allowed
soil
moisture
to
remain
very
near
the
surface/
allowing
good
germination
of
small-seeded/
shallow-planted
crops.
Pre-seeding
tillage
would
have
certainly
caused
stand
failures
for
crops
with
small-
and
medium-
sized
seed/
as
,
it
never
rained
during
or
after
the
planting
season
until
mid
summer.
Stands
were
excellent
for
all
crops
grown
in
the
trials.
It
was
not
possible
to
obtain
seed
yield
for
many
of
the
legumes/
as
they
shattered
readily.
The
gamma/
snail/
and
disc
medics
had
leathery
pods
that
were
difficult
to
thresh;
and
most
pods
fell
off
the
plants
before
ripening.
The
SS7
feed
pea
was
the
highest
producer
of
total
plant
material.
Indianhead
lentil
ranked
high/
as
did
some
of
the
other
peas
and
clover.
Differential
water
use
among
the
various
crops
was
not
determined/
but
this
would
be
an
important
consideration
in
choosing
a
legume
for
annual
rotation
with
cereal
grain
on
dryland.
Table
/
.
No-till
safflower
variety
trial
north
of
Conrad,
1988.
Mont.
Agr.
:
Expt.
Sta./
Western
Triangle
Research
Center/
Conrad/
MT.
Plant
Yield
Test
Bloom
%
Variety
height
lbs/a
wt.
date
Oil
inches
*
S-541
24
2686
41.7
206
50.6
82B1954
23
2634
40.3
206
49.0
85B4793
22
2430
42.6
203
46.1
82B3555
24
2321
41.3
208
50.6
85B4453
22
2248
40.3
203
51.0
3-208
23
2231
42.5
206
47.5
85B851
23
2170
38.1
206
50.0
85B4716
24
2168
42.2
203
45.1
85B2818
24
2131
42.1
205
48.9
85B4829
25
2063
41.1
206
50.9
Finch
22
2024
44.3
205
45.5
Girard
24
2014
42.3
207
46.9
82B1277
23
2001
39.8
209
52.1
86B4509
21
1967
42.6
204
49.8
85B1873
25
1938
42.0
208
46.2
85.B1837
22
1931
42.3
206
46.4
85B4431
23
1928
41.3
206
47.5
85B4193
24
1828
39.1
208
45.8
Saffire
19
1825
43.4
201
37.7
85B1856
24
1795
43.1
207
45.7
MT
3697
23
1714
42.8
206
50.2
85B1832
21
1699
40.5
203
51.2
Oker
22
1611
39.8
203
48.3
85B3918
23
1589
35.2
208
54.9
Location
:
Research
Center;
10
miles
north
of
Conrad.
Planting
date
:
April
26/
1988
Harvest
date
;
September
26/
1988
Previous
crop
:
chemical
fallow
(barley
stubble).
Fertilizer
:
50
lbs/a
11-51-0
with
seed.
Soil
moisture
at
planting
:
36
inches
moist
soil/
clay
loam.
Rainfall/
planting
to
r»pe
:
3.7
inches
*
Multiply
by
0.92
fa
8%
moisture-basis
oil.
Table
.
No-till
canola
and
rapeseed
variety
trial,
Conrad
1988.
Sta.,
Western
Triangle
Research
Center,
Conrad,
MT.
Mont.
Agr.
Expt
Variety
Type
Yield
lbs/a
Test
wt
Plant
height
Bloom
date
Maturity
Use
Seed
color
Tobin
Westar
Global
campestris
napus
napus
1053
956
718
49.6
47.6
45.0
20
25
34
168
172
178
early
medium
late
edible
edible
edible
yellow/brown
dark
brown
dark
brown
Pivot
Topas
napus
napus
718
562
46.7
47.6
30
31
175
176
late
late
edible
edible
dark
brown
brown
R-500
campestris
938
48.9
19
169
early
industrial
yellow
Location
:
Research
Center,
Conrad,
MT
Planting
date
:
April
26,
1988
Harvest
date
:
August
9,
1988
Soil
moisture
at
planting
:
36
inches
moist
soil
(clay-loam)
Rainfall,
planting
to
harvest
:
2.7
inches
Fertilizer
:
50
lbs/a
11-51-0
with
seed.
"No-till,
chemical
fallow
(barley
stubble)"
t
f
f
t
L
t
L
t
L
I
t
I
L
r
t
CZ
Table
3
.
Annual
legume
adaptation
trial/
Conrad
1988.
Mont.
Agr.
Expt.
Sta.
/
Western
Triangle
Research
Center
/
Conrad/
MT.
Total
Seed
Canopy
Plant
Harvest
Bloom
Seed
Variety
plant
yield
height
length
date
date
size
yield
lbs/a
inches
inches
lbs/a
*
Austrian
Winter
Pea
2446
32
32
Aug
8
181
L
NC8-3
Chickling
Vetch
2341
16
17
Aug
17
171
L
Tinga
Tangier
Flatpea**
1848
18
30
Aug
17
181
L
SEMU-SI
Feed
Pea
2618
14
26
Aug
8
179
L
Primorski
Lupine
892
15
15
Aug
23
172
L
Ultra
Lupine
964
16
16
Aug
23
178
L
Jasper
Food
Pea
2300
7
20
Aug
8
189
L
SS7
Feed
Pea
2756
19
24
Aug
8
187
L
Indianhead
Lentil
2508
14
14
Aug
8
193
M
Robinson
Snail
Medic
619
13
13
Aug
8
192
M
Paraponto
Gamma
Medic
1333
7
18
Aug
8
188
M
Mt.
Barker
Sub
Clover
2189
4
7
Get
12
227
M
Bigbee
Berseem
Clover
1536
7
26
Sept
1
205
S
Multicut
Berseem
Clover
1266
19
19
Sept
1
203
S
Common
Yellow
Sweet
Clover
1461
25
25
Oct
12
227
S
Harbinger
Strand
Medic
940
6
14
Aug
24
178
S
Maral
Shaftal
Clover
1513
17
20
Oct
12
194
S
Youchi
Arrowleaf
Clover
2389
14
22
Oct
12
227
S
George
Black
Medic
655
8
17
Sept
1
178
S
Jemalong
Barrel
Medic
496
7
18
Aug
24
180
S
Tornafield
Disc
Medic
669
10
22
Aug
24
179
S
Sapo
Gamma
Medic
1055
12
20
Aug
24
194
S
X
Location
:
Research
Center/
Conrad/
MT
Planting
date
:
May
4/
1988
Planted
no-till/
chemical
fallow
(barley
stubble).
Soil
moisture
at
planting
:
36
inches
moist
soil
(clay-loam)
Rainfall/
planting
through
August
:
2.7
inches
Fertilizer
:
50
lbs/a
11-51-0
with
seed
**
Shatters
readily
*
Dry
matter/
including
seed
